Explore 5 Medications That Could Cause Kidney Damage

Medication-related kidney damage, known as drug-induced nephrotoxicity, occurs when certain substances alter kidney blood flow or harm delicate filtering structures. Even commonly used medicines can be risky for people with pre-existing kidney disease, dehydration, or advanced age. Medical organizations like the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and Mayo Clinic emphasize awareness and timely monitoring to protect long-term kidney function.

1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Drugs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, especially when taken frequently or in high doses. Chronic use may lead to acute kidney injury or long-term damage, particularly in those who are dehydrated or have pre-existing kidney disease.

2. Certain Antibiotics

Some antibiotics, including aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin) and vancomycin, are known for their potential to harm kidney cells. These medications can accumulate in kidney tissue, leading to inflammation or impaired filtration. Doctors typically monitor kidney function with blood tests during prolonged antibiotic treatment.

3. ACE Inhibitors and ARBs

Medications such as lisinopril, enalapril, and losartan are widely used to manage blood pressure and heart disease. While beneficial for many, they can sometimes elevate creatinine levels or worsen kidney function—especially in patients with dehydration or narrowed kidney arteries. Regular monitoring helps balance benefits and risks.

4. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Common heartburn medications like omeprazole, pantoprazole, and esomeprazole have been linked to both acute and chronic kidney disease in some studies. Although rare, long-term or unnecessary use may increase risk. Patients are advised to take PPIs only under medical supervision and for limited durations when possible.

5. Chemotherapy and Immunosuppressive Drugs

Drugs such as cisplatin, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus can cause kidney toxicity by damaging renal tubules or altering blood flow. Because these medications are essential in cancer or transplant care, doctors closely monitor kidney function throughout treatment to detect early signs of injury.

How to Protect Kidney Health While Taking Medication

Stay hydrated: Proper fluid intake supports kidney filtration.
Follow prescription instructions carefully: Never exceed recommended doses.
Avoid combining nephrotoxic drugs: For example, NSAIDs with certain blood pressure medications can raise risk.
Get regular blood tests: Checking kidney function (creatinine and GFR) helps detect early damage.
Inform your doctor about all medications: Including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Conclusion

Many medications are safe when used correctly, but some can affect kidney health—especially with long-term or high-dose use. NSAIDs, antibiotics, ACE inhibitors, PPIs, and certain chemotherapy drugs are among the most notable examples. Awareness, regular monitoring, and professional guidance can greatly reduce the risk of drug-induced kidney injury and help maintain healthy kidney function over time.