Common Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis
The symptoms of ulcerative colitis can vary from mild to severe and may develop gradually or suddenly. The most common symptoms include:
1. Abdominal Pain and Cramping
Many individuals with ulcerative colitis experience abdominal pain, which can range from mild discomfort to severe cramping. The pain is often located in the lower abdomen and may worsen after eating or during flare-ups.
2. Diarrhea
Frequent, loose, and urgent bowel movements are one of the hallmark symptoms of ulcerative colitis. In more severe cases, diarrhea may contain blood, mucus, or pus due to the inflammation and ulceration in the colon. Some people may experience diarrhea multiple times a day, which can disrupt daily life.
3. Bloody Stools
Blood in the stool is a common sign of UC, caused by the ulcers in the colon lining. Stools may appear bright red or dark, depending on the severity and location of the inflammation. This symptom can lead to anemia if significant blood loss occurs over time.
4. Urgency and Incomplete Bowel Movements
Many individuals with ulcerative colitis feel a frequent and urgent need to use the bathroom, often accompanied by a sensation that the bowel is not completely emptied. This can lead to anxiety and social discomfort.
5. Fatigue
Chronic inflammation and blood loss can result in fatigue and weakness. Many individuals with UC struggle with low energy levels, which can affect their ability to perform daily activities.
6. Weight Loss
Ulcerative colitis can interfere with nutrient absorption, leading to unintentional weight loss. Frequent diarrhea and loss of appetite contribute to this symptom, which can be concerning if left untreated.
7. Fever
In cases of severe inflammation or complications, individuals may develop a fever. A persistent low-grade fever could indicate an ongoing inflammatory response in the body.
8. Dehydration
Chronic diarrhea can lead to dehydration, causing symptoms such as dry mouth, dizziness, and reduced urine output. Proper hydration is essential to prevent complications associated with fluid loss.
Less Common Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis
In addition to the typical gastrointestinal symptoms, ulcerative colitis can affect other parts of the body, leading to:
- Joint pain and swelling – Inflammation can extend to the joints, causing arthritis-like symptoms.
- Skin issues – Some individuals develop rashes, ulcers, or redness due to inflammation-related skin conditions.
- Eye problems – UC may cause redness, pain, or vision changes due to eye inflammation.
- Mouth sores – Painful ulcers in the mouth can occur during flare-ups.
When to Seek Medical Help
If you experience persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, or blood in your stool, it is important to seek medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications such as malnutrition, severe anemia, or colon damage.
Conclusion
Ulcerative colitis is a serious condition that requires medical management and lifestyle adjustments. Recognizing the symptoms early and working with healthcare professionals can help individuals maintain a better quality of life despite living with this chronic disease.
